The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, the southern French side fired twice late to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past 13 years.